Species comparison
European Wildcat vs Sand Cat
A side-by-side look at Felis silvestris and Felis margarita across body measurements, habitat, diet, behaviour and conservation status.
At a glance
- The european wildcat averages about 2.3 times the body mass of the sand cat.
- Both species use semi-arid scrub.
- Their ranges both include Asia.
- Both are currently listed as Least Concern on the Red List.
Identification
How each species is named and classified.
European Wildcat
Felis silvestris
Sand Cat
Felis margarita
European Wildcat
Felis
Sand Cat
Felis
European Wildcat
Domestic cat lineage
Sand Cat
Domestic cat lineage
European Wildcat
Small cats
Sand Cat
Small cats
European Wildcat
Forest wildcat, Scottish wildcat
Sand Cat
Sand dune cat
Body and movement
Published field measurements for adults. Ranges cover both sexes unless noted.
European Wildcat
19 in – 2 ft 7 in (47–80 cm) Longer
Sand Cat
15 in – 22 in (39–57 cm)
European Wildcat
10 in – 15 in (26–37 cm) Longer
Sand Cat
9 in – 14 in (23–35 cm)
European Wildcat
14 in – 16 in (35–40 cm) Taller
Sand Cat
9 in – 12 in (24–30 cm)
European Wildcat
6.6–18 lb (3–8 kg) Heavier
Males commonly 4–8 kg, females 3–5 kg; weight varies seasonally.
Sand Cat
3–7.5 lb (1.35–3.4 kg)
One of the lightest cats of the Old World.
European Wildcat
Not reliably measured
Not measured in the field.
Sand Cat
Not reliably measured
Not measured in the field.
Life span
Typical adult longevity. Figures for managed care come from zoo and sanctuary records.
European Wildcat
7–10 years
Sand Cat
8–10 years Longer
European Wildcat
15–18 years Longer
Sand Cat
12–14 years
Habitat and range
Where each species lives and the conditions it tolerates.
European Wildcat
temperate forest, montane forest, agricultural mosaic, semi-arid scrub
Deciduous and mixed woodland with dense understorey, forest edge, scrub and riparian corridors, generally below the winter snowline.
Sand Cat
desert, semi-arid scrub
Sandy and stony desert with sparse vegetation, including dune fields, gravel plains and desert scrub where summer surface temperatures are extreme.
European Wildcat
Europe, Asia
Fragmented populations across Iberia, France, Italy, Germany, the Carpathians, the Balkans and Scotland, extending east into Turkey and the Caucasus.
Sand Cat
Africa, Asia
The Sahara from Morocco to Egypt, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Pakistan.
Diet and behaviour
Feeding ecology, social organisation and hunting technique.
European Wildcat
small mammals, hares, birds, reptiles
Voles, mice and rabbits dominate; birds, frogs and insects are taken when rodents are scarce.
Sand Cat
small mammals, reptiles, birds, insects
Gerbils and jerboas dominate; the cat also takes lizards, snakes, birds and large insects, and gets most of its water from its food.
European Wildcat
Solitary and territorial
Adults hold woodland ranges marked with scent and claw marks, and avoid open ground where possible.
Sand Cat
Solitary
Shelters in burrows during the day, either dug itself or taken over from rodents and foxes, and can range widely over a single night.
European Wildcat
Nocturnal and crepuscular
Primarily night active, with more daytime movement in undisturbed forest and during cold weather.
Sand Cat
Nocturnal
Almost entirely night active, avoiding daytime surface temperatures that would be lethal.
European Wildcat
Stalk and pounce along cover edges
Works woodland margins, hedgerows and clearings, listening for rodents in ground vegetation.
Sand Cat
Listening and digging
Locates prey by sound, often beneath the surface, then digs rapidly to reach burrowing rodents.
European Wildcat
Strong More developed
Climbs confidently and dens in hollow trees and root cavities.
Sand Cat
Limited
Its habitat contains few trees; the species is built for digging rather than climbing.
European Wildcat
Limited More developed
Avoids water and swims only when necessary.
Sand Cat
Very limited
Effectively never encounters standing water.
Conservation
Red List category, population direction and the pressures documented for each species.
European Wildcat
LC — Least Concern
Assessed 2022
Sand Cat
LC — Least Concern
Assessed 2016
European Wildcat
Decreasing
Sand Cat
Stable
European Wildcat
Hybridisation with feral domestic cats, Disease from domestic cats, Woodland fragmentation, Road mortality, Accidental trapping
Listed as Least Concern overall, but several regional populations are in serious trouble. The Scottish population reached the point where conservation breeding and release became the main recovery tool.
Sand Cat
Degradation of desert vegetation by grazing, Off-road vehicle disturbance, Trapping for the pet trade, Killing by herding dogs, Very limited monitoring data
Assessed as Least Concern, though population data are sparse across an enormous and difficult range. Off-road vehicle traffic and trapping are known local pressures.
Notable traits
Details that do not fit neatly into a measurement table.
European Wildcat
- The tail is the most reliable field mark: thick, blunt-ended and marked with distinct dark rings.
- Hybridisation is now measured genetically, since intermediate animals can look entirely wild.
- Reinforcement releases have been used in Scotland after the wild population declined to a critical level.
Sand Cat
- It can survive for long periods without drinking, taking the water it needs from prey.
- Fur-covered footpads leave tracks that are almost impossible to read in soft sand.
- Field surveys often rely on night driving, because the species is otherwise practically invisible.
Sources used for this comparison
- IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Global assessment categories, population trends and documented threats.
- IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group Species accounts, distribution notes and Cat News reporting for every wild felid.
- Small Wild Cat Conservation Foundation Dedicated research and field reporting on the lesser-known felids.
- World Wildlife Fund Range descriptions, threat summaries and conservation programme reporting.
- Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology Reviewed species accounts with morphometric ranges and reproductive data.
- National Geographic — Animals General natural-history reference for behaviour, range and ecology.